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The Unification of Germany

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I'm standing here what was once the capital of Imperial Germany symbols of National Power and self-confidence Westwood's, former charlottenburg is a great Military Highway with fransted straight before Star Spangled and onto the low countries on the Rhine we can see the column of Victory commemorating precious defeat of France in 1871 behind me now belliston throw away is the Brandenburg through its Prussian troops not coming Triumph yeah between Arsenal and the gate runs one of the greenest and deadliest political functions in the world it's a reminder that the German Empire founded in eighteen one with the last less than three-quarters of a century I don't hit the expanded it to its fullest extent in his bunker less than a mile from where we're standing on the 30th of April 1945 today great track the one German territory in the East belong to Poland on the Soviet Union and the rest of the former German rice is prison to State receiver unlikely ever to be reunited close to the sordid reality of the wall we might view this wreckage as a symbol of the impermanence of all political things something all too easily forgotten by people who live on Island the creation of the United Germany in the 80 60s was probably the single most important political development in 19th century Europe and have consequences eventually the entire world it's 10. but not too simple to see German unification was the worth of one single Tire in genius Otto von Bismarck everyone who's heard of his Market tool knows his famous phrase about on and blood and it would be all too It is believed that by combining the two in just the right phone still has the great man personally fused together the patchwork of separate German states and for United ho Bismarck himself did The Fosters Legend and it went well and gray off to his death when Johnny's been woefully short of dynamic leader has this huge Monument had a handbag dogs is one of conch is visible symbols on it and of the 19th century believe the great events history with a capital h made by Wells historical heroes for the podium Garibaldi Cecil Rhodes and the rest in our own time when his breathing creasing report my Vizio means it's hard to avoid the fuse symbols with a far more complex reality of course I do want to eliminate Bismarck all together and replace him with a jumble of anonymous posts and even the most interested still talk about the age of Bismarck but you did make mistakes and he misunderstood some of the major changes going on around him also if you did intend to create some kind of United dumb and stays under properly you have no definite timetable blueprint but felt his way for the situations develop about who he didn't create the cultural material preconditions the unification and it's this important fact but we have to consider before we look up this is my personal contribution to the story nationalism the idea that people with a common language and a common cultural identity should have parrot Tree on a sovereign state of that road is easy for us to understand because it's still such a powerful force in the world today in fact holiday week goes by without the active is it from National National Liberation group reaching the headlines 19th century German or Italian Nationals Irish bar Palestinian counterpart today they too would guess the opposed by conservatives who wanted to keep things the way they were they find it hard to turn that romantic Visions into reality yeah in the bed and not the harem old pumping station now a refuge for him this morning went and symbols of gymnastic on national identity on the one hand I hear Eric ancestors of the Prussian King required that Turf is buying Force of Arms not care whether the inhabitants speak German polish French Danish as long as they pay that Texas and served in the army on the other hand the makers of a German culture Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in Frankfurt started in light station Strasburg and spent much of his career in Panama which was what at least the literate people living in tons help to create a sense of shared gentleness which transcended political boundaries religions to particular dentist but guess and his readers outside the real world in the Altima 1792 when armed intervention by Prussia failed to crush the French Revolution The Purge come out with a new historical Epoch have a gun whatever feelings of common Destiny had emerged in Germany by this when I get in historical fourth by the impact of war and power politics shock of revolutionary nationalism from France and the United effort needed to drive Napoleon back across the Rhine provided the first great impetus to political unification Napoleonic Onslaught showed her jumble of individual states could be overrun by one United Nation and also the existing order of things to be changed in 1806 the Holy Roman Empire lasted for over nine centuries was dissolved by 1815 the map of what is Germany and Austria and dozens of tiny principalities free cities and glorified baronial estate but being absorbed into larger units still the fashion 5 monocular a full Hanseatic City with made up the new German Confederation even amazing a large number today international calls didn't exactly prosper in the decades after Napoleon's defeat in 1815 the confederation new election Parliament a little practical Unity of the rulers of Austria and Prussia its two most powerful member states with strongly Auntie nationalist nationalist movement Revolution and democracy the guillotine and The Ballot Box and it also threatened their authority over poles and checks magyars fluvax Germans today vigorously suppress National Education and it wasn't until the Revolutions of 1848 49 National aspirations fun tonight. When the smoke at 1848 with killed a barricade to be pulled down and the rest of the country looking for a gas grill do you need to help him achieve by the spring of 1849 reaction with mint in astrakhan and nationalist forces were gaining power over the Central Europe in the Frankfurt an elected or German National Assembly admission Mage in 48 and then spent months debating about the structure of a new United States I just had little influence on events of the German Constitution It produced was soon consigned to the archive the gap between Romantic Dreams and political reality seems why does ever in fact far from setting an actual question 1848 aftermath difficult any solution must be in the first place that would german-speaking people live in northern Germany and Austria but also in Switzerland Transylvania the Russian Baltic provinces allegiance to Denmark obviously the great part particularly Britain and Russia would not allow any of these groups to join a new job and super-state and then what about the non jamming subject German especially the poles Czechs and hungarians who had strong National aspirations there in Trinidad De Monte Liberty and Independence be granted what's the press in the name of German pop little interest finally which of the two principal Monica's depression or the Austrian would leader United German Empire in the spring of 1849 the National Assembly had offered the Imperial title to King Frederick William 4 but he turned at dawn party because he didn't want to just the gift of a democratic assembly after the gases he posted because acceptance would have been an open challenge to Austria sooner or later the struggle for Supremacy between these two was almost inevitable the outcome of this contest was to be settled not just my moments in statement by the progress of the Industrial Revolution leading sector of Germany Play Station Railway building by mid-century a great wave of construction is underway and by 1914 Germany was Kris Kross by tens of thousands of kilometers of track once one of Berlin's five major Terminus by time War and the demolition favors the 1960's in Trials of the crushing France in the North 1948 19th century it was a starting point to Journey's to Bavaria  and southern Europe and the destination for growing numbers of visitors what was fast becoming one of Europe's best dynamic but real wisdom just encourage tourism they galvanized the entire industrial economy equipment had to be imported by the 8th Germany with nothing is self-sufficient and rail Co on a locomotive but was telling them abroad in fact it was in Prussia with its greatcoat and I'm producing regions of these are in the world most romantic advances were being made the Prussian State play the fight opossum this by nationalizing Railways of polishing internal Terrace and persuading a bully and they bring government who enter into Customs agreements the first ignifica Nelly of this kind I be made with has been tarnished and as far back as 1828 it was overshadowed six years later by the formation of the famous Customs Union that's all time 18 states with almost 24 million inhabitants and went on brain it's all fine was unequivocally dominated by Prussia which over the years skilfully prevented a jealous Austria from either join what's Sabotage by 1865 industrialization and liberal trade policies the transform pressure from little more than the regional park in 20, McDonough the depression King any half as much territory as many subjects as the Austrian Emperor this country had a large grain Harvest produced three times as much coal as using eight times as much involved in the meantime Things Are on the political scene in the 1850s influence by the movement toward unity in Italy in 1859 the German National Association was founded gate to unification without Austria under the leadership of Prussia the circles little Diamond solution in Liberal if they wanted constitutional reform and it was they who dominated the Prussian parliament in the first half of the eight but first it looked as their demonic you might cooperate but King William the first succeeded his brother Frederick William before was a military man would join his regiment at the age of 10 and it was soon obvious it is appointment of a few liberal ministers does not Harold fundamental change in fact Williams principal concern with the carry out a much-needed overhaul of the Prussian Army phone plans were fiercely resisted by the liberal majority in Parliament which refused to pay for the most people feel the need for more effective on me the king scheme will further strengthen its position as a Bastion of virtually Unlimited well huh what the Liberals want the force controlled by the nation by which they meant Middlekauff tax has been in tune with the values of a modern society the fundamental issue behind the basic constitutional they can be 1860s what the new Army said a parliamentary government or semi absolute monarch the problem was made more difficult of course by the fact of Prussia was an artificial creation which could only survive with a hue which was not an acceptable but also unnecessary in an island State like Britain but the Liberals inability to establish parliamentary control the military in the 1860s and Lathan Gravely hinder the development of democracy parliament's refusal to make money for the Army reforms created such a serious crisis that King William even considered vacating put on the 8th of October 1862 he appointed a new prime minister undertook to force the program through regardless Otto von Bismarck was a 47 year old career diplomat what kind of power and knowledge of German Affairs expression representative on the Council of the Confederation this is the estate of Friedrich true near Hamburg where Bismarck spent the last years of his life surrounded by mementos Explorer middle school career thinking and writing about the decade of unification who was he important ideas guided his actions at the Janka on Landon Bismarck was fundamentally conserve he was not a liberal or Democrat and she despised The intellectuals Who dominated the liberal movement in Prussia he wasn't a nationalist and had no Romantic Dreams about the single state for all Germans it was a Monica's I'm kind of revolutionary who wanted to strengthen the Prussian State and this outfit more traditional conservative is not believe that mass democracy and nationalism could be exploited for this purpose for Bismarck democracy meant bringing the broad masses of peasants and workers into the political system to outline a power-hungry middle-class and nationalism began I like I'm going to get ready let me never to be spoken against Austria suicidal in the meantime he had to should be on your phone to do this he wishes to muscle depressed persecuted his political opponents went on collecting taxes in Japan for Parliament is bonus paid off as the Liberals went Revolution prepare for all-out confrontation with the state they became increasingly demoralized if the conflict drags on and on the predominant German populated Duchess of schleswig I'm holstine who's the tremendous outcry among liberal nationalist throughout Germany a similar crisis complain often 1848-49 and its occurrence now presented Bismarck with a stranger and alternative more liberal public opinion anyone's relation of the status quo second grade International complications but over the next two years if I develop very much Bismarck Advantage when were eventually break I've organized Prussian Army soon beat the Danes and then mocked intransigent alienated her traditional Ally brick in the influence of liberal the idea of making sense they can. I meant when you independent state. She has Prussia ministering at. on behalf of the still existing German Confederation a situation with off of Plenty of excuses for conflict in the spring of 1866 the time seems right for a much greater contest which would win the doctrine of Prussia Dunkin Donuts a  me to Maitland liberals on the most of them couldn't refuse national.pie in unison but without which we get some control over the state Uncle ensuring its Highland Corporation in French in Tallassee is not level pick a quarrel with Austria everybody stays the course of time and the future of the German Confederation will break out between pressure on one an Austria and most other members of the Confederation on the other was so cool seven weeks war with the pivotal episode in German unification pressure one rapidly and decisively because of the Strategic Brilliance of the chief of the Jen stop helmet from Malta and the effectiveness of the army reforms thanks to industrialization pressure ulcer had more and better artillery the superior infantry rifle an excellent whale communication and she had far greater Financial Resources the debt-ridden Austria we can ill towards Nation armies of the smallest eight Hanover Saxony Bavaria had no chance at all against the War Machine and Austria hotel with soon at 4 after major defeat she had to accept the dissolution of the Confederation and her own exclusion from Germany back in Berlin Bismarck popularity search for the opposition and being serious and we can do a poll in September 1866 Parliament even condemned the government's handling of the only reform by the Treaty of Prague in August 1866 Russia a quiet place because time but also Hanover and other lands north of the river mine and the rich city of Frankfort the territory increase by about a v she gained valuable new Outlets to the sea in the summer of 1867 a new Prussian dominated North German Confederation came into being a smaller recognizable prototype German Empire is Mark at a cheaper with quickie cheaply without using part of the Liberals and without filtering into a disastrous European War did you get this stage means go even further and bringing us ice German states they were already belong to reorganize Customs Union with caution dominating even more effectively than before 95% of that trade with the North and they being forced make note to alliances with Prussia because the bones to become desirable Bismarck Hilton very strong called economically Prussia strength was still draining Berlin had become the financial center of Germany and the Prussian color is dominant in industrial term pressure was far ahead of Austria level with Brant and gaining even on Britain agriculture was also doing well which helped to allay your fears about turn into a capitalist super-state exceptionally favorable indeed it could be argued that German unification with only possible the pool because of the Ninja  of unusual. call him throughout Europe Austria space station 66 internal problems with example she was sent me a new position in the fire department expansion British liberal this light is not you can call for a tear in the oppression dominated Little Germany intelligent non-intervention Russia wants the great bulwark of the central European Station Square and then we can buy the Crimean War I needed her clothes trading extra pressure in order to modernize distance to point in Europe with penguin and Pismo made it abundantly clear that I had no intention of helping to liberate the pole main problem with prongs it seems unlikely that imprint upon in the third with a against German unification on a limited scale an agency 6 in any case French entanglement in Mexico made intervention in Central Europe and possible but it would have been best of a prawns across Randolph Jazz and people died in the great military and Industrial jogging would just the Rhine little army the Putin also needed success as a board to both to his popularity of home and that's opinion with Stoneleigh on depression the bismarcks refusal to accept French mediation off of war against Austria ultralight from a territorial tip behind neutrality was felt to be a serious disease subsequent reports further inflame French resentment prime minister mu Olivier said one more step. this war by this time it's to ship is not to exploit the pension he probably hadn't been held in pool Along on war with France in the fight of Machiavellian trickery of the M Telegram victim in 1870s and paranoia and the internal dynamics of the conflict it was ninth is most interested to have a showdown bring Sergeant State into his new political system as long as they stay outside it it was always the danger that they might run into the orbit of France or in Australia since 1866 Kia Santa Crossing reaction from sitting in the sun Amazon music Centric young king Ludwig II do any further erosion of his sovereignty this another worrying development made it expedient to extend the new German Confederation with a mine thanks of course the two widely regarded as your opinion of the trip Hannah and war against I will be no longer employed here in the war against Austria the Bismarck medicine Publix a machine behind him you'll find out when public backing he needed and as long as the German states on his side 14 you didn't have to worry about Britain and explain the game 1870 and continued until Francis defeat the following, Saxon troops. The side by side in the later 1870 the 2nd of Bavaria finally agreed to offer his uncle William the first the Imperial title the German Empire was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles on the 18th of January 1871 Spider-Man Rihanna all sorts of questions come to mind as we stand here again it is great open at Museum of historical Dave Ray Festival the fundamental one did German unification have to take place or at least in the way it did suppose for example mama can be run over by the proverbial tram before or just after becoming Prussian prime minister of course I don't want to smuggle the old notion of Bismarck his superhero in again by the back door but it's the kind of question we also have to ask about Lennon and Hitler successfully exploited situations they have it on sale of created things would have been different he was exceptionally patient. I just Vision was not shared by other members of the Prussian aristocracy who did nationalism would create a new kind of society however it wasn't just Bismarck statesmanship Prosperity which made them go along with the great political changes of the 1860s there was also a lock wall unification of good thing bismarck's Wars of course we're very limited in scope and destructiveness compared with the Holocaust of the 20th century 1866 more than 8,000 soldiers died on the battlefield alone in the cost of the franco-prussian war with many time Raisa unification and it is not conform to involve the brutal violation of many people's right plenty of Bavarian Hanoverian and subject some other minor princess had no desire can you stupid state dominated by Prussian military is Amanda Rocker C perhaps to economic integration and peaceful diplomacy might eventually have created something looser and more flexible and therefore without internal tension with played the German Empire inhabitants never felt fully posited Frenchman and the rain has big Dane posing West pressure Catholics in Bavaria in Kaufman and with the new industrial cities fear that society would fall apart along lines of religion language an important was minority the workers persisted with dire consequences into the get Century Constitution to legitimate field for Italian monarchy do I have baked parliamentary system and made adaptation to Social and economic change extremely difficult be unfair of course to blame Bismarck too much for this he more than anyone knew that has can only be built from the materials available still by the time the pilot was dropped in 1890 domestic 10 was building up to a level which threatened the international order when does Max retirement and his death in 1898 relations with Russia deteriorated and the czarist Empire became an ally of France still irreconcilable call Stiles Germany because of the rain in 1871 that was continuing antagonism to between Russia and Austria-Hungary now the right may not lie in the praise debilitating internal conflict in Germany itself a Restless desire for wealth part 8 has aggressively articulated by the unstable young Emperor William II threaten to alienate yet another neighbor the British museum but taking a pedi relax buprenex flights in the 1860s the leader of the conservative opposition Benjamin Disraeli describe the franco-prussian conflict of the German Revolution political event in the French Revolution of law century no single principle in the management of our Foreign Affairs any longer exist entirely destroyed in the country. affected most by this great change is England five years earlier in the seven weeks for the British Ambassador in Paris and Warren if she ever become the Navy she'll give us trouble the building of a great Fleet if it turned out to be be grateful Tennessee political reform chosen by Germany's rulers at the time of the century but that's another story

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